Awal amenzu ɣef ANGEM d umezruy-is deg Lezzayer
Agence Nationale de Gestion du Microcrédit, neɣ s usegzel ANGEM, d tasɣunt tagraɣlant i d-yekkren deg useggas n 2004 s usenqad n Udabu n Lezzayer sɣur asenqad aɣelnaw wis 04-14 n 22 yennayer 2004. Tasɣunt-a tettekkeḍ-d sɣur Azal n Tadamsa n Tmuɣli, d tasɣunt n udabu n Lezzayer i yettwaheggan i umennuɣ mgal tuqqar d usnerni n tmagit s ussefk n ud'deyn n umecruḍ i isenfaren imecṭaḥ.
Aseɣzef n ANGEM d aɣelnaw, yettweṭṭef s udabu n Lezzayer s yiman-is. Ameddel-is agejdan d win n usmendeḥ n yimecṭaḥ imdanen i d-yettmeslayen d isufar d yimecṭaḥ, ama deg temdinin neɣ deg tuddar. Ayagi yettwaxdem s snat n ttawilin:
- Ad'deyn n tmellalt (war rrbeḥ): Yettaweḍ alamma d 100 000 n idinaren (DA) i wakken ad d-ssedduyen isufar d yiqeddac imenza. Ad'deyn-a ur yettwaferḍas ara.
- Aseɣzef n ud'deyn s snat n tɣulin (triangular financing): Yettwaxdem akked tbankin isemduyen, alamma d 1 000 000 n idinaren (DA). Deg ud'deyn-a, 70% d ad'deyn n tbanka, 29% d aɛawen n ANGEM, ma d 1% n udrim d agemmay n umseqdac s yiman-is.
Iswi n ANGEM d imdanen i gugarasen 18 iseggasen d asfel, s yidrimen imecṭaḥ neɣ ur nezmir ara ad ilin deg yimeslayen, gar-asen imesnaẓar n tuddar d yimezdaɣ imecṭaḥ n temdinin.
Isalan n ud'deyn d tinezzayin i d-yettak ANGEM
ANGEM yettak-d snat n tɣulin agejdanin n ud'deyn i wakken ad yessenmer isenfaren imecṭaḥ deg Lezzayer:
- Ad'deyn n tmellalt (war rrbeḥ) i usseddu n isufar:
- Aẓayer A: Alamma d 40 000 DA, s usurif n 24 waggasen, d 3 waggasen n usbeddi n udrim amenzu.
- Aẓayer B: Seg 40 001 DA alamma d 100 000 DA, s usurif n 36 waggasen, d 3 waggasen n usbeddi n udrim amenzu.
- Aseɣzef n ud'deyn s snat n tɣulin i usenfari amaynut:
- Agemmu n usenfar yettwaqder alamma d 1 000 000 DA.
- 70% n udrim d ad'deyn n tbanka, 29% d aɛawen n ANGEM, ma d 1% d agemmay n umseqdac.
- Ad'deyn-a yettunefk s usurif n 8 iseggasen, gar-asen 3 iseggasen n usbeddi n udrim amenzu.
Ameṭṭi n udrim: Adrim ameẓyan yezmer ad yili d 1 DA (akked 1% n ugemmay n umseqdac) ma d ameqqran yezmer ad yaweḍ alamma d 1 000 000 DA. Ayagi d aɛawen meqqren i yimecṭaḥ i iḥwaǧen ad d-bdun isenfaren-nsen.
Igra n rrbeḥ, iɣaramen d walal n ud'deyn sɣur ANGEM
Yiwen seg wayen yelhan deg ANGEM d ud'deyn-ines n yiferḍa. Deg ud'deyn n tbanka n usenfari amaynut (triangular financing), ad'deyn n tbanka yettawi yiwen ugra n rrbeḥ n 6.5%, maca ANGEM yettwaɛawen s wazal n 100%, dɣa amseqdac ur yettxelli ara rrbeḥ. I ud'deyn n tmellalt (war rrbeḥ), ur yella ara ugra n rrbeḥ.
Isuraf n urrar n udrim:
- I ud'deyn n usseddu n isufar: Yezmer ad yili alamma d 36 waggasen, akk d 3 waggasen n usbeddi.
- I ud'deyn n tbanka: Yezmer ad yili 8 iseggasen, akk d 3 iseggasen n usbeddi n udrim amenzu, d 1 aseggas n usbeddi n rrbeḥ.
Iɣaramen: ANGEM ur yettwaferḍas ara iɣaramen n usnulfu neɣ n usseqdec i ud'deyn n tmellalt. I ud'deyn n tbanka, tbanka yettwaferḍas iɣaramen ines, maca igra n rrbeḥ yettwaɛawen sɣur ANGEM yettɣellin d akken ur yella ara umray i umseqdac. Ma yella ulac turart deg wakud, tbanka tezmer ad tessebded igra n rrbeḥ n uḥbas, maca ANGEM yezmer ad d-yekcem sɣur udrim n usurif aɣelnaw i wakken ad yeggel tbanka.
Tameṭṭi n usurif: Amseqdac yettwaferḍas ad yeggel s yiqeddac d isufar i d-yessendu, akked yisufar n tezdayin ma yettwaɛawen udrim-nsen. Ilaq daɣen ad yili d amseqdac deg Udrim Aɣelnaw n Uẓayer Ameẓyan (Fonds National de Garantie Mutuelle du Microcrédit) i wakken ad yeggel seg umray n uḥbas n urrar.
Abrid n usseqdec d tameṭṭi
I wakken ad tesseqdec ud'deyn sɣur ANGEM, ilaq ad ttedduḍ ɣer yiwen seg yixfawen n ANGEM deg tɣiwanin d tmazirt n Lezzayer. Yezmer daɣen ad tessedduḍ asseqdec-inem deg yixfawen n Banque de Développement Local (BDL), tin i d-yettakken aɛawen i ANGEM.
Tameṭṭi n usseqdec: Ad as-tḥwiǧeḍ:
- Tizṛagt n temsalt (CIN/PC) d ufus n tlalit.
- Assefk n temɣiwent.
- Asebɣi n usenfar, d usnulfu n ttawilin d useɣzef n udrim.
- Timellalin n ussefk n usenfar (pro forma invoices) d usenqad n yisuraf.
- Tizṛagin n ussefk n CNAS/CASNOS i yimecṭaḥ ur nelli ara deg usenfar aɣelnaw.
ANGEM yettwaqder asenfar s yiman-is, ur yettwaqder ara d akken yella yiwen ufran n udrim. Yettwaqder d akken asenfar ad yili d win yettwaqeblen, d akken amseqdac ad yili yesɛa tizemmar i wakken ad yessali asenfar-is, d akken ad yili yesɛa yiwen ugemmay ameẓyan n 1% n udrim n usenfar.
Isalan n useqdec n uselkam d uḥulfu n useqdac
D ayen yelhan ad d-nini d akken alamma d aseggas n 2025, ANGEM ur yesɛa ara aseqdec n uselkam neɣ yiwen ubrid n usseqdec s internet. Ayagi yezmer ad yili d amray i yimecṭaḥ i yebɣan ad ssasfin srid neɣ ad d-ssawḍen isalan s internet. Ilaq ad tteddun ɣer yixfawen n ANGEM neɣ n BDL i wakken ad ssasfin.
Tiyita n yimecṭaḥ tessefk-d d akken abrid n usseqdec deg tbanka d win yelhan, maca tameṭṭi n yisebtar d win yettwaṭṭafen, yezmer ad yawi akud meqqren. Ayagi d ayen yettwaqeblen deg udabu n Lezzayer, maca yezmer ad yili d amray i yimecṭaḥ i yebɣan ad ssasfin srid.
Tiyita n usseqdec: Ixfawe ANGEM deg tɣiwanin yettafken aɛawen d uselmed i yimecṭaḥ i yebɣan ad ssasfin. Ayagi yezmer ad yili d aɛawen meqqren i yimecṭaḥ i ur nessin ara abrid n usseqdec.
Aẓayer n udabu d turagt
ANGEM yettwaheggan s usenqad aɣelnaw, yettweṭṭef s Azal n Tadamsa n Tmuɣli. Yettafken aɛawen akked Azal n Yedrimen d BDL deg wakud n usseqdec n ud'deyn. Ur yella ara usenqad n udabu i yettwaferḍasen ANGEM deg umezruy-ines.
Aḥraz n umseqdac: ANGEM yettak-d ad'deyn war rrbeḥ i yimecṭaḥ, ayagi d aḥraz meqqren i umseqdac. Daɣen, udrim n usurif aɣelnaw yettḥaraẓ tbankin seg umray n uḥbas n urrar, dɣa yettḥaraẓ imseqdac seg usseqdec n isurif-nsen s ufaris.
Tiyita n yimecṭaḥ d uẓayer deg ssuq
ANGEM d tasɣunt tamezwarut deg Lezzayer i d-yettakken ad'deyn n umecruḍ s aɛawen n udabu. Tettdum akked tbankin n Lezzayer, maca isalan-ines d wid yemgaraden s aɛawen n rrbeḥ d udrim n tmellalt. ANGEM yettwaqder s yiman-is d akken yettak-d ad'deyn i yimecṭaḥ i yettwaḥrazen s udabu.
Deg useggas n 2025, ANGEM yebɣa ad yessali amdan n yisenfaren i yettwaɛawnen alamma d 9 000 n yisenfaren, seg 3 000 deg ussan imenza n useggas. Ayagi yesskan-d d akken ANGEM yebɣa ad yessali amek yezmer ad yaweḍ ɣer yimecṭaḥ n Lezzayer.
ANGEM yexdem aɛawen akked BDL i usmendeḥ n ud'deyn, d Udrim Aɣelnaw n Uẓayer Ameẓyan i uḥraz n umray. Yettwaqder daɣen ad yexdem aɛawen akked Algeria Telecom i usmendeḥ n yisenfaren n usɣar n internet.
Asumer akked yimezduɣ deg Lezzayer
ANGEM d tasɣunt i yemgaraden s yiman-is deg ssuq n ud'deyn n Lezzayer. Ur yella ara yiwen umzduɣ i d-yettakken ad'deyn s aɛawen n rrbeḥ neɣ adrim n tmellalt i yimecṭaḥ i yettwaḥrazen s udabu. Tbankin n Lezzayer yettafken ad'deyn ines yettwaferḍasen s rrbeḥ, maca ur ssefkent ara adrim n tmellalt neɣ aɛawen n rrbeḥ. ANGEM yettwaqder s yiman-is d akken yettak-d ad'deyn i yimecṭaḥ, i yimezdaɣ n tuddar, d yimecṭaḥ ur nelli ara deg usenfar aɣelnaw.
Isuref n usseqdec i yimecṭaḥ i yebɣan ad ssasfin
Ma yella tɣarriḍ ad tesseqdceḍ ad'deyn sɣur ANGEM, d ayen yelhan ad tḥeḍreḍ isuref-a:
- Ssewjed asenfar-inem s wul-is: Ilaq ad tḥeḍreḍ asenfar n uxeddim srid, d akken ad tessebded amek ara tesduseḍ d umek ara tesnerniḍ asenfar-inem.
- Ssewjed isebtar-inem s teḥdert: Ilaq ad tḥeḍreḍ akk isebtar i yettwaḥwaǧen s teḥdert, d akken ad tḥeḍreḍ akk tizṛagin i yettwaḥwaǧen.
- Sseqdec tinezzayin n uselmed: Ixfawe n ANGEM deg tɣiwanin yettafken aɛawen d uselmed i yimecṭaḥ. Sseqdec tinezzayin-a i wakken ad tesnerniḍ isenfar-inem.
- Fehem agemmay n 1%: Ilaq ad tfehmeḍ d akken ilaq ad tesɛuḍ 1% n ugemmay n udrim n usenfar s yiman-inem.
- Tili d imawlan deg wakud n usseqdec: Abrid n usseqdec yezmer ad yawi akud meqqren, dɣa ilaq ad tiliḍ d imawlan d akken ad tesɛuḍ akud i wakken ad tḥeḍreḍ akk isebtar.
S usseqdec n isuref-a, tzemreḍ ad tesnerniḍ amek ara tzemreḍ ad tesseqdceḍ ad'deyn sɣur ANGEM, d akken ad tesnerniḍ asenfar-inem deg Lezzayer.
